Control limit detection for source apportionment in Perlis River Basin, Malaysia

Authors

  • Mohd Saiful Samsudin Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
  • Saiful Iskandar Khalit Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
  • Azman Azid Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
  • Hafizan Juahir Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
  • Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi University of Kuala Lumpur
  • Zati Sharip National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia
  • Muhammad Amar Zaudi Universiti Putra Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v13n3.687

Keywords:

Environmetric, Water Quality, Principal Component Analysis, APCS-MLR, Cluster Analysis, Statistical Process Control

Abstract

This study presents the application of selected environmetric in the Perlis River Basin. The results show PCA extracted nine principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues greater than one, which equates to about 77.15% of the total variance in the water-quality data set. The absolute principal component scores (APCS)-MLR model discovered BOD and COD as the main parameters, which indicates the measure of the agricultural pollution in the Perlis River Basin, the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) shows 11 monitoring stations assembled into two clusters in accordance with similarities in the concentration of BOD and COD, which are grouped in P4. The X ̅ control chart shows that the mean concentration of BOD and COD in P4 is in the control process. The capability ratio (Cp) was applied to measure the risk of the concentration in terms of the river pollution in a subsequent period of time using the limit NWQS.

Author Biographies

Mohd Saiful Samsudin, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)

Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

Saiful Iskandar Khalit, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)

Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

Azman Azid, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)

Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

Hafizan Juahir, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)

East coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi, University of Kuala Lumpur

Institute of Medical Science and Technology, University of Kuala Lumpur

Zati Sharip, National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia

Water Quality and Environment Research Centre, National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia

Muhammad Amar Zaudi, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia

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Published

28-09-2017