Extraction of Flavonoids from Angelica keiskei Leaves Using Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction: Optimization and Bioactivity Evaluation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v22n5.5629Keywords:
Angelica keiskei, Flavonoids, deep eutectic solvents, optimizationAbstract
Angelica keiskei is a medicinal and edible herb rich in bioactive flavonoids, yet green and efficient extraction methods for these compounds remain underexplored. This study aimed to establish an ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction method for total flavonoids from the plant. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the extraction process for A. keiskei leaves. Single-factor and Box-Behnken design experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of DES water content, ultrasonic time, liquid-solid ratio, and DES molar ratio on extraction efficiency. Results demonstrated that a total flavonoid content of 13.02% ± 0.15% was achieved under the optimal conditions of 50% DES water content, 100 min ultrasonic time, 50:1 liquid-solid ratio (w/v), and 4:1 DES molar ratio (1,2-ethanediol: choline chloride). Notably, the obtained extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity in vitro, with a DPPH· radical scavenging IC₅₀ value of 31.33 ± 1.35 μg/mL. Antibacterial tests revealed that the extract exhibited moderate sensitivity against Escherichia coli, producing inhibition zones exceeding 12 mm at an EC50 of 2.20 mg/mL. These findings demonstrate that UAE-DES is a green and efficient approach for flavonoid extraction from A. keiskei, and the resulting extract have potential to be used as natural functional additives in the field of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
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