Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential and Antibacterial Efficacy of Cucumis melo L., Citrus sinensis, and Musa spp Peels Ecoenzyme
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v22n4.5429Keywords:
Ecoenzyme, FRAP assay, phytochemical screening, Antibacteria activity, sustainable agricultureAbstract
Fruit peel waste offers an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides for bacterial disease management.This study evaluated Rokmelon (Cucumis melo L.), Orange (Citrus sinensis), and Banana (Musa spp.) peels for their phytochemical composition, enzymatic activity such as amylase and lipase, antioxidant capacity using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, and antibacterial efficacy against Burkholderia glumae, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis using agar well diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays. Rockmelon ecoenzyme (ER) showed the highest bioactivity with lipase (39.48 U/mL) and amylase (0.202 U/mL) activity. Phytochemical screening showed that phenolic compounds were strongly present (++) only in the rockmelon-based ecoenzyme (ER), but absent (–) in EO, ERO, and EROP samples. Meanwhile for flavonoids and alkaloids, each sample shows (+) result. The mixed formulation of rockmelon, orange and banana (EROP) exhibited peak antioxidant activity (17.992 μmol Fe²⁺/L). Antibacterial assays revealed rockmelon ecoenzyme (ER) as the most effective. ER demonstrated strongest activity against B. glumae (19.67 mm ZOI, p=0.014; MIC=4.17% v/v, MBC=8.33% v/v). All treatments showed significant antibacterial effects versus controls (p<0.05). The results demonstrate that single-fruit ecoenzymes, particularly from rockmelon, outperform mixed formulations and exhibit reliable antibacterial activity against key plantation pathogens. These findings support the use of fruit peel-derived ecoenzymes as sustainable, effective alternatives to chemical pesticides in plantation management.
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