Garcinia mangostana Pericarp-Assisted Silver Nanoparticles as a Sustainable Solution for Tetracycline Contaminants Removal from Wastewater

Nurshahira Mohd Rozi; Sheela Chandren; Norazah Basar

doi:10.11113/mjfas.v21n3.3797

Authors

Nurshahira Mohd Rozi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Sheela Chandren ᵃDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; ᵇCentre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Norazah Basar Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v21n3.3797

Keywords:

Garcinia mangostana, biosynthesis, silver nanoparticles, photocatalytic, tetracycline.

Abstract

To date, research endeavours are progressively oriented toward uncovering sustainable approaches for synthesizing metal nanoparticles. Biosynthesis methods involving plants have emerged as a viable alternative to foster environmental sustainability. This study explores a one-pot and room-temperature method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using agricultural waste, Garcinia mangostana pericarp (GMP), to degrade tetracycline cost-effectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected the presence of α-mangostin, suggesting a dual-functioning agent in reduction and stabilization in the green synthesis. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) monitored stable colloid formation and revealed that the formation of AgNPs depends on molar ratio and pH. The optimal conditions for this single-step biosynthesis are: a molar ratio of extract to silver nitrate at 1:31, a basic environment with the extract at pH 10, and an incubation time of 2 hours. The successfully biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX), and high resolution-transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). The characterization unveiled the synthesis of uniformly spherical-shaped and mono-dispersed AgNPs with a size range of 8 to 22 nm and an Ag mass percentage of 65.5%. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the synthesized nanoparticle’s face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline nature with the (111) plane as the dominant peak. The photocatalytic performance of AgNPs was evaluated through the removal of tetracycline under ultraviolet (UV) light. The biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated a degradation rate of 79%, with a constant rate 33 times greater than just by photolysis. These findings indicate that the plant-mediated biosynthesis of AgNPs is a promising photocatalyst for environmental remediation against tetracycline contaminants.

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