Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Plumeria acuminata L. for Colorimetric Detection of Pb²⁺ in Lipstick Samples
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v22n4.5557Keywords:
AgNPs; colorimetric biosensor; green synthesis; Pb detection; Plumeria acuminata L.Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals such as lead (Pb) in cosmetic products is a concern because it can cause toxic health effects with long-term use. This study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a green synthesis method from the waste extract of frangipani leaves (Plumeria acuminata L.) and evaluate their potential as biosensors for Pb detection in lipstick samples. The formation of AgNPs is characterized by a change in the solution's color to reddish-brown and confirmed by UV–Vis analysis, which shows a maximum absorption peak at 408 nm due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon. PSA results show an average particle size of 57.28 nm, a PDI of 0.3254, and a zeta potential of −25.53 mV. XRD and TEM analyses show that AgNPs have a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure, a size of 21.98 nm, and a spherical shape. The selectivity test results show that AgNPs exhibit a stronger response to Pb metal than to other metals. Analytical performance evaluation showed good linearity with a regression equation of y = -0.0034x + 0.5377 and R2 value of 0.9922. The developed method also showed good accuracy and precision, with a recovery of 98.69-107.03% and %RSD of 3.01%, as well as LOD and LOQ values of 3.17 ppm and 9.59 ppm, respectively. Tests on authentic lipstick cosmetic samples showed that no Pb²⁺ response was detected under the experimental conditions. Overall, the green-synthesized AgNPs have the potential to serve as a simple, environmentally friendly colorimetric biosensor for detecting Pb in cosmetic products.
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