Emulsion breakage behaviour on chromium (VI) removal using emulsion liquid membrane containing quaternary ammonium compounds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n2.978Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals such as chromium, nickel, and lead has become a serious worldwide issue due to their threats to humans, animals and plants as well as to the stability of the overall ecosystem. Its removal from effluents such as electroplating rinse wastewater and tannery effluents is of primordial importance. In this study, the emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technology was employed as a remediation technique that capable of removing Cr (VI) efficiently from wastewater where extraction and stripping processes are performed in a single operation. The ELM is consists of trioctylmethylammonium chloride (Alamine 336) as an extractant, palm oil as an organic diluent, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a stripping solution and sorbitan monooleate (Span-80) as a surfactant to stabilize the emulsion phase. The effect of operational parameters such as the agitation speed, phase contact time, extractant concentration and stripping agent concentration were studied to optimize the conditions for emulsion stability and maximum removal of chromium. The best removal efficiency was obtained at 350 rpm of agitation speed and 3 minutes of phase contact time with 0.04 M Alamine 336 as extractant and 0.1 M NaOH as stripping agent. In this condition, the maximum removal efficiency of 100% was obtained with a minimum breakage rate of 5%.
References
J. Onyebuchi, Effect of industrial effluent on the surrrounding environment, Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 4 (2012) 406–413. http://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/articles/effect-of-industrial-effluent-on-the-surrrounding-environment.pdf
M.A. Barakat, New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater, Arab. J. Chem. 4 (2011) 361–377. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.019.
M. Garmsiri, H.R. Mortaheb, Enhancing performance of hybrid liquid membrane process supported by porous anionic exchange membranes for removal of cadmium from wastewater, Chem. Eng. J. 264 (2015) 241–250. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.11.061.
N. Van Nguyen, J. chun Lee, J. Jeong, B.D. Pandey, Enhancing the adsorption of chromium(VI) from the acidic chloride media using solvent impregnated resin (SIR), Chem. Eng. J. 219 (2013) 174–182. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.12.091.
A.T. Ojedokun, O.S. Bello, Sequestering heavy metals from wastewater using cow dung, Water Resour. Ind. 13 (2016) 7–13. doi:10.1016/j.wri.2016.02.002.
C. Kim, C.R. Lee, Y.E. Song, J. Heo, S.M. Choi, D.H. Lim, J. Cho, C. Park, M. Jang, J.R. Kim, Hexavalent chromium as a cathodic electron acceptor in a bipolar membrane microbial fuel cell with the simultaneous treatment of electroplating wastewater, Chem. Eng. J. 328 (2017) 703–707.
doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.077.
O.D. Uluozlu, M. Tuzen, D. Mendil, B. Kahveci, M. Soylak, 3-Ethyl-4-(p-chlorobenzylidenamino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (EPHBAT) as precipitant for carrier element free coprecipitation and speciation of chromium(III) and chromium(VI), J. Hazard. Mater. 172 (2009) 395–399. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.021.
F. V. Hackbarth, D. Maass, A.A.U. de Souza, V.J.P. Vilar, S.M.A.G.U. de Souza, Removal of hexavalent chromium from electroplating wastewaters using marine macroalga Pelvetia canaliculata as natural electron donor, Chem. Eng. J. 290 (2016) 477–489. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.01.070.
S. Gupta, A. Yadav, N. Verma, Simultaneous Cr(VI) reduction and bioelectricity generation using microbial fuel cell based on alumina-nickel nanoparticles-dispersed carbon nanofiber electrode, Chem. Eng. J. 307 (2017) 729–738. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.130.
D. Wang, Y. Li, G. Li Puma, P. Lianos, C. Wang, P. Wang, Photoelectrochemical cell for simultaneous electricity generation and heavy metals recovery from wastewater, J. Hazard. Mater. 323 (2017) 681–689. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.037.
C. Liu, N. Fiol, J. Poch, I. Villaescusa, A new technology for the treatment of chromium electroplating wastewater based on biosorption, J. Water Process Eng. 11 (2016) 143–151. doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2016.05.002.
N. Othman, N.F.M. Noah, K.W. Poh, O.Z. Yi, High Performance of Chromium Recovery from Aqueous Waste Solution Using Mixture of Palm-oil in Emulsion Liquid Membrane, in: Procedia Eng., 2016: pp. 765–773. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.611.
G. Lytras, C. Lytras, D. Argyropoulou, N. Dimopoulos, G. Malavetas, G. Lyberatos, A novel two-phase bioreactor for microbial hexavalent chromium removal from wastewater, J. Hazard. Mater. 336 (2017) 41–51. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat. 2017.04.049.
R.K. Goyal, N.S. Jayakumar, M.A. Hashim, Chromium removal by emulsion liquid membrane using [BMIM]+[NTf2]? as stabilizer and TOMAC as extractant, Desalination. 278 (2011) 50–56. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2011.05.001.
A.L. Ahmad, A. Kusumastuti, C.J.C. Derek, B.S. Ooi, Emulsion liquid membrane for heavy metal removal: An overview on emulsion stabilization and destabilization, Chem. Eng. J. 171 (2011) 870–882. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.05.102.
N.F.M. Noah, N. Othman, N. Jusoh, Highly selective transport of palladium from electroplating wastewater using emulsion liquid membrane process, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 0 (2015) 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2016.03.047.
N. Jusoh, N. Othman, Stability of water-in-oil emulsion in liquid membrane prospect, Mal. J. Fund. Appl. Sci. 12 (2016) 114–116.
N. Othman, N.F.M. Noah, L.Y. Shu, Z.Y. Ooi, N. Jusoh, M. Idroas, M. Goto, Easy removing of phenol from wastewater using vegetable oil-based organic solvent in emulsion liquid membrane process, Chinese J. Chem. Eng. 25 (2017) 45–52. doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2016.06.002.
Z.Y. Ooi, N. Othman, N.F. Mohamed Noah, Response surface optimization of kraft lignin recovery from pulping wastewater through emulsion liquid membrane process, Desalin. Water Treat. 57 (2016) 7823–7832. doi:10.1080/19443994.2015.1024754.
N. Harruddin, N. Othman, A.L. i. Ee Sin, R.N. orimi. Raja Sulaiman, Selective removal and recovery of Black B reactive dye from simulated textile wastewater using the supported liquid membrane process, Environ. Technol. 36 (2015) 271–280. doi:10.1080/09593330.2014.943301.
N.N. Li, Separation of hydrocarbons by liquid membrane permeation, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 10 (1971) 215–221. doi:10.1021/i260038a014.
R.N.R. Sulaiman, N. Othman, N.A.S. Amin, Emulsion liquid membrane stability in the extraction of ionized nanosilver from wash water, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20 (2014) 3243–3250. doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2013.12.005.
R.A. Kumbasar, Studies on extraction of chromium (VI) from acidic solutions containing various metal ions by emulsion liquid membrane using Alamine 336 as extractant, J. Memb. Sci. 325 (2008) 460–466. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2008.08.009.
L. León, G. León, J. Senent, C. Pérez-Sirvent, Optimization of copper removal from aqueous solutions using emulsion liquid membranes with benzoylacetone as a carrier, Metals (Basel). 7 (2017) 19. doi:10.3390/met7010019.
S.C. Lee, Extraction of succinic acid from simulated media by emulsion liquid membranes, J. Memb. Sci. 381 (2011) 237–243. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2011.07.039.
M. Raji, H. Abolghasemi, J. Safdari, A. Kargari, Selective extraction of dysprosium from acidic solutions containing dysprosium and neodymium through emulsion liquid membrane by Cyanex 572 as carrier, J. Mol. Liq. 254 (2017) 108-119. doi:10.1016/ j.molliq.2017.11.058.
S. Björkegren, R.F. Karimi, A. Martinelli, N.S. Jayakumar, M.A. Hashim, A new emulsion liquid membrane based on a palm oil for the extraction of heavy metals, Membranes (Basel). 5 (2015) 168–179. doi:10.3390/membranes5020168.
B. Mokhtari, K. Pourabdollah, Emulsion liquid membrane for selective extraction of Bi(III), Chinese J. Chem. Eng. 23 (2015) 641–645. doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2014.06.035.
