A preliminary study of identification halal gelatin using Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n3.942Keywords:
Gelatin, Halal, Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM), SensorAbstract
Gelatin has been widely used as an additive in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industry. The similar physical appearance between bovine and porcine gelatin causes an issue for some communities like a Muslim due to awareness of halal food. A Muslim community consider porcine gelatin is non-halal material which must be avoided. So there is a demand to distinguish and labeling the origin source of the gelatin in any products. In turn, it lead to development of a method to identify the source of gelatin. In this study, performance of a modified Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensor to identify halal gelatin has been investigated. A QCM sensor was modified by depositing polyaniline/nickel compound on the surface of gold electrode QCM carried out by Layer by Layer (LbL) deposition technique. Bovine and porcine gelatin were measured in demineralized water at pH 9. This modified QCM sensor shows good frequency response to distinguish bovine and porcine gelatin. The measurements gave a negative frequency shifts for bovine gelatin and a positive frequency shifts for porcine gelatin. The modified QCM sensor also worked well in the real sample. This indicates that a modified QCM sensor is very useful and effective technique to distinguish bovine gelatin (halal) from porcine gelatin (non-halal).
References
Abdullah Amqizal, H. I., Al-Kahtani, H. A., Ismail, E. A., Hayat, K., Jaswir, I., 2017a. Identification and verification of porcine DNA in commercial gelatin and gelatin containing processed foods. Food Control 78, 297–303.
Abdullah Amqizal, H. I., Al-Kahtani, H. A., Ismail, E. A., Hayat, K., Jaswir, I., 2017b. Identification and verification of porcine DNA in commercial gelatin and gelatin containing processed foods. Food Control 78, 297–303.
Ahmad, A. N., Abdul Rahman, R., Othman, M., Ungku Zainal Abidin, U. F. 2017. Critical success factors affecting the implementation of halal food management systems: Perspective of halal executives, consultants and auditors. Food Control 74, 70–78.
Baziwane, D., He, Q. 2007. Gelatin: The paramount food additive. Food Reviews International 19, 423–435.
Budipramana, Y., Ersam, T., Suprapto, S., Kurniawan, F. 2014. Synthesis nickel hydroxide by electrolysis at high voltage. ARPN: Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 9(11), 2074-2077.
Budipramana, Y., Suprapto, Ersam, T., Kurniawan, F. 2016. Influence of CTAB and Sonication on Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles Synthesis by Electrolysis at High Voltage. Proceedings of Second International Conference on Electrical Systems, Technology and Information 2015 (ICESTI 2015), Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. 9-12 September.Indonesia: Springer, 345–351.
Cai, H., Gu, X., Scanlan, M. S., Ramatlapeng, D. H., Lively, C. R. 2012. Real-time PCR assays for detection and quantitation of porcine and bovine DNA in gelatin mixtures and gelatin capsules. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 25, 83–87.
Casero, E., Vázquez, L., Parra-Alfambra, A. M., Lorenzo, E. 2010. AFM, SECM and QCM as useful analytical tools in the characterization of enzyme-based bioanalytical platforms. Analyst 135, 1878–1903.
Cebi, N., Durak, M. Z., Toker, O. S., Sagdic, O., Arici, M. 2016. An evaluation of Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy method for the classification and discrimination of bovine, porcine and fish gelatins. Food Chemistry 190, 1109–1115.
Cho, S. M., Gu, Y. S., Kim, S. B. 2005. Extracting optimization and physical properties of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) skin gelatin compared to mammalian gelatins. Food Hydrocolloids 19, 221–229.
Demirhan, Y., Ulca, P., Senyuva, H. Z. 2012. Detection of porcine DNA in gelatine and gelatine-containing processed food products—Halal/Kosher authentication. Meat Science 90, 686–689.
Doi, H., Watanabe, E., Shibata, H., Tanabe, S. 2009. A reliable enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of bovine and porcine gelatin in processed foods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57, 1721–1726.
Ersöz, A., Diltemiz, S. E., Özcan, A. A., Denizli, A., Say, R. 2009. 8-OHdG sensing with MIP based solid phase extraction and QCM technique. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 137, 7–11.
Fitriyana, F., Kurniawan, F. 2015. Polyaniline-invertase-gold nanoparticles modified gold electrode for sucrose detection. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 15, 226–233.
Hanani, H. Z. A., Roos, Y. H., Kerry, J. P. 2012. Use of beef, pork and fish gelatin sources in the manufacture of films and assessment of their composition and mechanical properties. Food Hydrocolloids 29, 144–151.
Hashim, D. M., Man, Y. B. C., Norakasha, R., Shuhaimi, M., Salmah, Y. Syahariza, Z. A. 2010. Potential use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for differentiation of bovine and porcine gelatins. Food Chemistry 118, 856–860.
Hidaka, S., Liu, S. Y. 2003. Effects of gelatins on calcium phosphate precipitation: A possible application for distinguishing bovine bone gelatin from porcine skin gelatin. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 16, 477–483.
Ivanov, S., Kurniawan, F., Tsakova, V., Mirsky, V. M. 2009. Automated layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes in flow mode. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 294, 441–444.
Karim, A. A., Bhat, R. 2009. Fish gelatin: Properties, challenges, and prospects as an alternative to mammalian gelatins. Food Hydrocolloids 23, 563–576.
Kurniawan, F., Kiswiyah, N. S. A., Madurani, K. A., Tominaga, M. 2017. Single-Walled carbon nanotubes-modified gold electrode for dopamine detection. ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 6, M3109–M3112.
Kurniawan, F., Madurani, K. A. 2015. Electrochemical and optical microscopy study of red pepper seed oil corrosion inhibition by self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on 304 SS. Progress in Organic Coatings 88, 256–262.
Kurosawa, S., Park, J. -W., Aizawa, H., Wakida, S. -I., Tao, H., Ishihara, K. 2006. Quartz crystal microbalance immunosensors for environmental monitoring. Biosens. Bioelectron., Selected Papers from the 2nd International Meeting on Microsensors and Microsystems 22, 473–481.
Latif, U., Can, S., Hayden, O., Grillberger, P., Dickert, F. L. 2013. Sauerbrey and anti-Sauerbrey behavioral studies in QCM sensors—Detection of bioanalytes. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 176, 825–830.
Mao, Y., Wei, W., Zhang, S., Zeng, G. 2002. Monitoring, and estimation of kinetic data, by piezoelectric impedance analysis, of the binding of the anticancer drug mitoxantrone to surface-immobilized DNA. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 373, 215–221.
Muyonga, J. H., Cole, C. G. B., Duodu, K. G., 2004. Characterisation of acid soluble collagen from skins of young and adult Nile perch (Lates niloticus). Food Chemistry 85, 81–89.
Nhari, R. M. H. R., Ismail, A., Che Man, Y. B. 2012. Analytical methods for gelatin differentiation from bovine and porcine origins and food products. Journal of Food Science 77, R42–46.
Özgür, E., Yılmaz, E., Şener, G., Uzun, L., Say, R., Denizli, A. 2013. A new molecular imprinting-based mass-sensitive sensor for real-time detection of 17β-estradiol from aqueous solution. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 32, 1164–1169.
Pranoto, Y., Lee, C. M., Park, H. J., 2007. Characterizations of fish gelatin films added with gellan and κ-carrageenan. LWT - Food Science and Technology 40, 766–774.
Say, R., Gültekin, A., Özcan, A.A., Denizli, A., Ersöz, A., 2009. Preparation of new molecularly imprinted quartz crystal microbalance hybride sensor system for 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine determination. Analytica Chimica Acta 640, 82–86.
Sener, G., Ozgur, E., Yılmaz, E., Uzun, L., Say, R., Denizli, A. 2010. Quartz crystal microbalance based nanosensor for lysozyme detection with lysozyme imprinted nanoparticles. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 26, 815–821.
Sharma, P., Ghosh, A., Tudu, B., Bhuyan, L.P., Tamuly, P., Bhattacharyya, N., Bandyopadhyay, R., Chatterjee, A. 2014. Detection of linalool in black tea using a quartz crystal microbalance sensor. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 190, 318–325.
Spiegel, M. van der, Fels-Klerx, H. J. van der, Sterrenburg, P., Ruth, S. M. van, Scholtens-Toma, I. M. J., Kok, E. J. 2012. Halal assurance in food supply chains: Verification of halal certificates using audits and laboratory analysis. Trends in Food Science and Technology 27, 109–119.
Stejskal, J., Sapurina, I., Trchová, M., 2010. Polyaniline nanostructures and the role of aniline oligomers in their formation. Progress in Polymer Science, Topical issue on Conductive Polymers 35, 1420–1481.
Svedhem, S., Dahlborg, D., Ekeroth, J., Kelly, J., Höök, F., Gold, J. 2003. In situ peptide-modified supported lipid bilayers for controlled cell attachment. Langmuir 19, 6730–6736.
Venien, A., Levieux, D. 2005. Differentiation of bovine from porcine gelatines using polyclonal anti-peptide antibodies in indirect and competitive indirect ELISA. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 39, 418–424.
Yilmaz, M. T., Kesmen, Z., Baykal, B., Sagdic, O., Kulen, O., Kacar, O., Yetim, H., Baykal, A. T. 2013. A novel method to differentiate bovine and porcine gelatins in food products: NanoUPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSE based data independent acquisition technique to detect marker peptides in gelatin. Food Chemistry 141, 2450–2458.
Zhang, G. -F., Liu, T., Wang, Q., Lei, J. -D., Ma, G. -H., Su, Z. -G. 2008. Identification of marker peptides in digested gelatins by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry 36, 1499–1504.
Zulkarnain, Z., Suprapto, S., Ersam, T., Kurniawan, F. 2016. A Novel selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for insulin detection. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, 496–502.
