Brucea javanica seeds as source of potential natural antioxidants to improve biodiesel thermal and oxidative stability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v13n3.555Keywords:
Brucea javanica, Biodiesel, Auto-oxidation, Natural Antioxidants, Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, Rancimat testAbstract
Biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable energy derived from biological sources. Biodiesel is clean and renewable biofuel but its oxidative stability is low. To increase oxidative stability of biodiesel, natural antioxidants are considered as potential compounds to be used. The purpose of the work was to investigate and determine the antioxidation potential of Brucea javanica seeds by applying different antioxidant assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), metal chelating and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Furthermore, Total phenolic content (TPC) and Total flavonoid content (TFC) tests were done. Among the three extracts of Brucea javanica seeds, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest total phenolic content (98.5 ±0.1mg GAE/g dry extract). The highest total flavonoid content (20 ± 0.4mg QAE/g of dry weight) and DPPH inhibition activity 90%. Ethyl acetate extract also exhibited the highest chelating activity with 59% inhibition in the metal chelating assay. However, the Rancimat showed a maximum of 69hour induction period (IP) in biodiesel when gallic acid is added.
References
Bouriazos, Achilleas, Evangelia Ikonomakou, and Georgios Papadogianakis. 2014. "Aqueous-phase catalytic hydrogenation of methyl esters of Cynara cardunculus alternative low-cost non-edible oil: A useful concept to resolve the food, fuel and environment issue of sustainable biodiesel." Industrial Crops and Products 52:
Brewer, M. S. 2011. "Natural Antioxidants: Sources, Compounds, Mechanisms of Action, and Potential Applications." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 10 (4):221-247.
Ciconini, Gabrielly, S. P. Favaro, R. Roscoe, C. H. B. Miranda, C. F. Tapeti, M. A. M. Miyahira, L. Bearari, F. Galvani, A. V. Borsato, L. A. Colnago, and M. H. Naka.2013. "Biometry and oil contents of Acrocomia aculeata fruits from the Cerrados and Pantanal biomes in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil." Industrial Crops and Products 45:208-214.
Contran, Nicla, Laura Chessa, Marcello Lubino, Davide Bellavite, Pier Paolo Roggero, and Giuseppe Enne. 2013. "State-of-the-art of the Jatropha curcas productive chain: From sowing to biodiesel and by-products." Industrial Crops and Products 42:202-215.
Da Rós, Patrícia Caroline Molgero, William Costa e Silva, Daniel Grabauskas, Victor Haber Perez, and Heizir Ferreira de Castro. 2014. "Biodiesel from babassu oil: Characterization of the product obtained by enzymatic route accelerated by microwave irradiation." Industrial Crops and Products 52:313-320.
Diwani, G, S El Rafie, and S Hawash. 2009. "Protection of biodiesel and oil from degradation by natural antioxidants of Egyptian Jatropha." International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology 6 (3):369-378.
Heinonen, Tomi, Kari Visala, Mikko Blomqvist, Hannu Eskola, and Harry Frey. 1998. "3D visualization library for multimodal medical images." Computerized medical imaging and graphics 22 (4):267-273.
Iha, Osvaldo K., Flávio C. S. C. Alves, Paulo A. Z. Suarez, Cassia R. P. Silva, Mario R. Meneghetti, and Simoni M. P. Meneghetti. 2014. "Potential application of Terminalia catappa L. and Carapa guianensis oils for biofuel production: Physical-chemical properties of neat vegetable oils, their methyl-esters and bio-oils (hydrocarbons)." Industrial Crops and Products 52 (0):95-98.
Kanner, J. 1994. "Oxidative processes in meat and meat products: quality implications." Meat Science 36 (1):169-189.
Kim, I. H., S. Takashima, Y. Hitotsuyanagi, T. Hasuda, and K. Takeya. 2004. "New quassinoids, javanicolides C and D and javanicosides B--F, from seeds of Brucea javanica." Journal of Natural Products 67 (5):863-8.
Kim, Ik Hwi, Yukio Hitotsuyanagi, and Koichi Takeya. 2004. "Quassinoid glucosides from seeds of Brucea amarissima." Phytochemistry 65 (23):3167-3173. doi:
Luo, Min, Ren-Yu Zhang, Zhi Zheng, Jian-li Wang, and Jian-Bing Ji. 2012. "Impact of some natural derivatives on the oxidative stability of soybean oil based biodiesel." Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 23:241-246.
Mărghitaş, Liviu A., Oltica G. Stanciu, Daniel S. Dezmirean, Otilia Bobiş, Olimpia Popescu, Stefan Bogdanov, and Maria Graca Campos. 2009. "In vitro antioxidant capacity of honeybee-collected pollen of selected floral origin harvested from Romania." Food Chemistry 115 (3):878-883
Meher, D. Vidya Sagar, and S. N. Naik. 2006. "Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification a review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 10 (3):248-268.
Monyem, Abdul, and Jon Gerpen. 2001. "The effect of biodiesel oxidation on engine performance and emissions." Biomass and Bioenergy 20 (4):317-325.
Müller, Lars, Susanne Gnoyke, Anne M. Popken, and Volker Böhm. 2010. "Antioxidant capacity and related parameters of different fruit formulations." LWT - Food Science and Technology 43 (6):992-999.
NoorShahida, Ajmi, Tin Wui Wong, and Chee Yan Choo. 2009. "Hypoglycemic effect of quassinoids from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr (Simaroubaceae) seeds." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 124 (3):586-591. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.058.
Reyes-Trejo, Benito, Diana Guerra-Ramírez, Holber Zuleta-Prada, Jesús Axayácatl Cuevas-Sánchez, Lino Reyes, Antonio Reyes-Chumacero, and Javier Adrián Rodríguez-Salazar. 2014. "Annona diversifolia seed oil as a promising non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production." Industrial Crops and Products 52:400-404.
Singleton, Vernon L, and Joseph A Rossi. 1965. "Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents." American journal of Enology and Viticulture 16 (3):144-158.
Srivastava, Pratibha, Hema N. Raut, Renuka S. Wagh, Hemalata M. Puntambekar, and Mahesh J. Kulkarni. 2012. "Purification and characterization of an antioxidant protein from Terminalia chebula fruit." Food Chemistry 131 (1):141-148. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.048.
Wazilewski, Willian Tenfen, Reinaldo Aparecido Bariccatti, Gislaine Iastiaque Martins, Deonir Secco, Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza, Helton Aparecido Rosa, and Luiz Inácio Chaves. 2013. "Study of the methyl crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) and soybean biodiesel oxidative stability." Industrial Crops and Products 43:207-212. D
Wei, Qi LW, Li P, Luo HW, Yi L, and Sheng LH. 2007. "Improved quality control method for Fufang Danshen preparations through simultaneous determi¬nation of phenolic acids, saponins and diterpenoid quinones by HPLC coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detectors." Journal Pharmcetical Biomedical Analysis 45 (5):775–784.
Yumrutas, Onder, and Saadet Demirors Saygideger. 2010. "Determination of in vitro antioxidant activities of different extracts of Marrubium parviflorum Fish et Mey. and Lamium amplexicaule L. from South east of Turkey." Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4 (20):2164-2172.
Zhang, Heng, Quan Zhou, Fei Chang, Hu Pan, Xiao-Fang Liu, Hu Li, De-Yu Hu, and Song Yang. 2015. "Production and fuel properties of biodiesel from Firmiana platanifolia L.f. as a potential non-food oil source." Industrial Crops and Products 76:768-771.
Zhou, Kequan, Joseph J. Laux, and Liangli Yu. 2004. "Comparison of Swiss Red Wheat Grain and Fractions for Their Antioxidant Properties." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52 (5):1118-1123. doi: 10.1021/jf030640w.
