Investigation on Optimized Flavonoid Extraction from Leucas zeylanica and Its Anthelmintic Activity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n2.3464Keywords:
Optimization, Extraction, Flavonoid, Leucas zeylanica, AnthelminticAbstract
Extraction has been the primary method of concentrating and obtaining a crude essence of plants, and to an extend fruits and nuts. In modern times, there are many methods of extraction developed from simple maceration to using Soxhlet extractor to microwave assisted extraction and ultrasound assisted extraction. However, the more time saving and energy efficient method for the extraction of plants needs to be investigated. This research explored optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of flavonoids from Leucas zeylanica and the optimization was done on parameters of sonication time (minutes), water bath temperature (°C), volume of solvent to solid ratio (ml/g) and solvent concentration (%) using response surface methodology (RSM). By measuring the total flavonoid content using aluminium colorimetric method and UV visible spectrophotometry, highest flavonoid yield is achieved with 30.38% increase compared to unoptimized method. This occurred with sonication time of 42 minutes, temperature of 55°C, solvent to solid ratio of 40 ml/g and solvent concentration of 100%. The resulting extract was then tested for its anthelmintic (anti-worm) ability, obtaining 40% efficacy of that of Albendazole.
References
Abdullah, F., et al. (2019). Potential of Leucas zeylanica extract to eliminate E. coli and S. aureus in Corbicula fluminea (“Etak”) tissue. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 15(4), 597-599.
Babu, A., et al. (2016). In-vitro antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Leucas zeylanica. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(2), 752.
Napagoda, M., et al. (2018). Lipophilic extracts of Leucas zeylanica, a multi-purpose medicinal plant in the tropics, inhibit key enzymes involved in inflammation and gout. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 224, 474-481.
Kumar, S., et al. (2023). The genus Leucas: A review on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities. Fitoterapia, 105492.
Radhika, B. and C. Bindu. (2018). Anti-helminthic activity of Leucas zeylanica linn leaves. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archive, 9(2), 70-73.
Choudhary, A. K., P. Sunojkumar, and G. Mishra. (2017). Fatty acid profiling and multivariate analysis in the genus Leucas reveals its nutritional, pharmaceutical and chemotaxonomic significance. Phytochemistry, 143, 72-80.
Gunathilake, K. P. P. and K. Ranaweera. (2016). Antioxidative properties of 34 green leafy vegetables. Journal of Functional Foods, 26, 176-186.
Nidhal, N., et al. (2020). Chemical constituents of Leucas zeylanica and their chemotaxonomic significance. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 89, 104006.
Katiki, L. M., et al. (2013). Anthelmintic effect of plant extracts containing condensed and hydrolyzable tannins on Caenorhabditis elegans, and their antioxidant capacity. Veterinary Parasitology, 192(1), 218-227.
Islam, A., et al. (2017). Investigation of in vitro thrombolytic and anti-helminthic activity and in vivo anxiolytic and antidepressant potentiality with phytochemical nature of methanolic extract of Leucas lavandulifolia. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 6, 61-66.
Anisuzzaman and N. Tsuji. (2020). Schistosomiasis and hookworm infection in humans: Disease burden, pathobiology and anthelmintic vaccines. Parasitology International, 75, 102051.
Hong, S.-T. (2018). Albendazole and praziquantel: review and safety monitoring in Korea. Infection & Chemotherapy, 50(1), 1-10.
Imani-Baran, A., et al. (2020). Anthelmintic activity of crude powder and crude aqueous extract of Trachyspermum ammi on gastrointestinal nematodes in donkey (Equus asinus): An in vivo study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 248, 112249.
Mansur, F., et al. (2014). The anthelmintic efficacy of natural plant cysteine proteinases against two rodent cestodes Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis microstoma in vitro. Veterinary Parasitology, 201(1-2), 48-58.
Romero-Benavides, J. C., et al. (2017). Medicinal plants used as anthelmintics: Ethnomedical, pharmacological, and phytochemical studies. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 129, 209-217.
Nath, T. C., et al. (2022). An update of Intestinal helminth infections among urban slums communities in Bangladesh. IJID Regions.
Cheng, Y., et al. (2021). Subcritical water extraction of natural products. Molecules, 26(13).
Romes, N. B., et al. (2022). D-optimal design-assisted Elaeis guineensis leaves extract in olive oil-sunflower seed nanoemulsions: development, characterization, and physical stability. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 43(2), 289-301.
Furmuly, M., et al. (2020). Enhancement of Mercury removal by utilizing catalytic chelation technique.
Ismail, M. A. H. Caenorhabditis elegans: a Model Organism for Research. Language, 3, 91456321.
Peña-Espinoza, M., et al. (2020). Anthelmintic and metabolomic analyses of chicory (Cichorium intybus) identify an industrial by-product with potent in vitro antinematodal activity. Veterinary Parasitology, 280, 109088.
Murugamani, V., et al. (2012). The new method developed for evaluation of anthelmintic activity by housefly worms and compared with conventional earthworm method. International Scholarly Research Notices.
Agarwal, S., et al. (2011). Evaluation of in vitro anthelminthic activity of Leucas aspera extracts. Pharmacognosy Journal, 3(24), 77-80.
Wan Omar, W. N. N. and N. A. Saidina Amin. (2011). Optimization of heterogeneous biodiesel production from waste cooking palm oil via response surface methodology. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(3), 1329-1338.
Hagquist, C. and M. Stenbeck. (1998). Goodness of fit in regression analysis–R 2 and G 2 reconsidered. Quality and Quantity, 32(3), 229-245.
Said, K. A .M. and M. A. M. Amin. (2015). Overview on the response surface methodology (RSM) in extraction processes. Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering, 2(1), 8-17.
Ri, H.-i., et al. 2019. Effect of different polarity solvents on total phenols and flavonoids content, and In-vitro antioxidant properties of flowers extract from Aurea Helianthus. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.12006.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Luqman Selahuddeen, Marouane Dhia Eddine Bouguerra, Siti Ernieyanti Hashim, Roswanira Abdul Wahab, Abdul Fatah A. Samad, FAIZUAN ABDULLAH
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
