Influence of Enriched Urease Producing Bacteria from Leachate and Restaurant Wastewater on Heavy Metal Removal

Hazlami Fikri Basri; Armstrong Ighodalo Omoregie; Mohd Akmali Mokhter

doi:10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3130

Authors

Hazlami Fikri Basri Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Armstrong Ighodalo Omoregie Centre for Borneo Regionalism and Conservation, University of Technology Sarawak, No. 1 Jalan University, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Mohd Akmali Mokhter Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC) [HICoE], Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n6.3130

Keywords:

Heavy Metal, Bioremediation, Ureolytic Bacteria, MICP, leachate

Abstract

The escalation of heavy metal pollution in natural ecosystems due to industrialization presents a critical environmental concern, endangering the well-being of living organisms. Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) technology, an emerging innovation, has gained attention from the scientific community for its potential in biocementation and bioremediation applications. However, a substantial gap in understanding exists regarding the utilization of ureolytic microbial strains from waste sources capable of effectively immobilizing high concentrations of heavy metals. This study endeavors to explore the latent potential of indigenous ureolytic bacteria derived from leachate and restaurant wastewater, possessing bioremediation capabilities for heavy metal immobilization. The investigation includes microbial screening, physiological characterization of ureolytic bacteria, assessment of their tolerance levels, and evaluation of heavy metal removal efficacy through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) analysis. Notably, the results reveal that ureolytic bacteria from restaurant wastewater are more tolerant to Cd2+ concentrations compared to their leachate counterparts, manifesting optimum conductivity, pH, and optical density (OD). More so, AAS analysis demonstrates the restaurant wastewater-derived sample's remarkable proficiency in Cd2+ removal, achieving a substantial 95% removal rate, significantly outperforming the leachate wastewater sample's removal rate of 53%.

References

Mitra, S., Chakraborty, A. J., Tareq, A. M., et al. (2022). Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity. J King Saud Univ Sci., 34, 101865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101865.

Oladoye, P. O., Olowe, O. M., Asemoloye, M. D. (2022). Phytoremediation technology and food security impacts of heavy metal contaminated soils: A review of literature. Chemosphere, 288, 132555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132555.

Adam, A. M., Saad, H. A., Atta, A. A. et al. (2021). An environmentally friendly method for removing Hg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Sn(II) heavy metals from wastewater using novel metal–carbon-based composites. Crystals (Basel), 11, 882. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080882.

Qiao, S., Zeng, G., Wang, X. et al. (2021). Multiple heavy metals immobilization based on microbially induced carbonate precipitation by ureolytic bacteria and the precipitation patterns exploration. Chemosphere, 274, 129661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129661.

Lin, T. Y., Chai, W. S., Chen, S. J. et al. (2021). Removal of soluble microbial products and dyes using heavy metal wastes decorated on eggshell. Chemosphere, 270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128615.

Zeng, Y., Chen, Z., Lyu, Q. et al. (2022). Mechanism of microbiologically induced calcite precipitation for cadmium mineralization. Science of the Total Environment, 852, 158465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158465.

Li, H., Wu, S., Du, C., et al. (2020). Preparation, performances, and mechanisms of microbial flocculants for wastewater treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041360.

Disi, Z. al, Attia, E., Ahmad, M. I., Zouari, N. (2022) Immobilization of heavy metals by microbially induced carbonate precipitation using hydrocarbon-degrading ureolytic bacteria. Biotechnology Reports, 35, e00747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00747.

He, Z., Xu, Y., Wang, W., et al. (2023). Synergistic mechanism and application of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and inorganic additives for passivation of heavy metals in copper-nickel tailings. Chemosphere, 311, 136981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136981.

Srivastava, S., Gupta, B. (2021). Application of immobilization techniques in heavy metal and metalloid remediation. 581-595. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7998-1_17.

Rajasekar, A., Wilkinson, S., Moy, C. K. S. (2021). MICP as a potential sustainable technique to treat or entrap contaminants in the natural environment: A review. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 6, 100096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2021.100096.

Zeng, Y., Chen, Z., Lyu, Q. et al. (2023). Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation for in situ stabilization of heavy metals contributes to land application of sewage sludge. J Hazard Mater., 441, 129866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129866.

Song, H., Kumar, A., Ding, Y., et al. (2022). Removal of Cd2+ from wastewater by microorganism induced carbonate precipitation (MICP): An economic bioremediation approach. Sep Purif Technol., 297, 121540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121540.

Kumar, A., Song, H. W., Mishra, S. et al. (2023). Application of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) techniques to remove heavy metal in the natural environment: A critical review. Chemosphere, 318, 137894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137894.

Zeng, Y., Chen, Z., Lyu, Q. et al. (2023). Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation for in situ stabilization of heavy metals contributes to land application of sewage sludge. J Hazard Mater, 441, 129866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129866.

Justo-Reinoso, I., Heath, A., Gebhard, S., Paine, K. (2021). Aerobic non-ureolytic bacteria-based self-healing cementitious composites: A comprehensive review. Journal of Building Engineering, 42, 102834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102834.

Omoregie, A. I., Khoshdelnezamiha, G., Ong, D. E. L., Nissom, P. M. (2017) Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation using a sustainable treatment technique. International Journal of Service Management and Sustainability, 2. https://doi.org/10.24191/ijsms.v2i1.6045.

Omoregie, AI., Muda, K., Bakri, M. K. Binz. et al. (2022). Calcium carbonate bioprecipitation mediated by ureolytic bacteria grown in pelletized organic manure medium. Biomass Convers Biorefin., https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03239-w.

Chen, J. S., Tsai, H. C., Hsu, B. M., et al. (2021). The role of bacterial community in the formation of a stalactite in coral limestone areas of Taiwan by 16S rRNA gene amplicon surveys. Environ Earth Sci., 80, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09969-w.

Adamma, N. C., Nwabueze, O. J., Chukwudi, P. (2020). Microbial assessment of grey water samples treated with activated carbon forms of selected agro-wastes. J Adv Biol Biotechnol., 23, 25-35. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2020/v23i830171.

Antwi, P., Zhang, D., Luo, W. et al. (2022). Response of hydrolysis, methanogenesis, and microbial community structure to iron dose during anaerobic digestion of food waste leachate. Biomass Convers Biorefin., 12, 5959-5973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00996-4.

Farajnia, A., Shafaat, A., Farajnia, S. et al (2022). The efficiency of ureolytic bacteria isolated from historical adobe structures in the production of bio-bricks. Constr Build Mater., 317, 125868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125868.

Proudfoot, D., Brooks, L., Gammons, C. H. et al (2022). Investigating the potential for microbially induced carbonate precipitation to treat mine waste. J Hazard Mater., 424, 127490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127490.

Dubey, A. A., Devrani, R., Ravi, K., Sahoo, L. (2021). Investigation of the microstructure of brahmaputra sand treated with bacillus megaterium-mediated single-dosed bio-cementation. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 136 LNCE, 549-555. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6444-8_49.

Chen, X., Zhang, D., Larson, S. L., et al (2021). Microbially induced carbonate precipitation techniques for the remediation of heavy metal and trace element–polluted soils and water. Water Air Soil Pollut., 232, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05206-z.

Song, M., Ju, T., Meng, Y. et al (2022). A review on the applications of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation in solid waste treatment and soil remediation. Chemosphere, 290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133229.

Almajed, A., Lateef, M. A., Moghal, A. A. B., Lemboye, K. (2021). State-of-the-art review of the applicability and challenges of microbial-induced calcite precipitation (Micp) and enzyme-induced calcite precipitation (eicp) techniques for geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications. Crystals (Basel), 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040370.

Pawar, V. S., Bhande, D., Pawar, S. D. et. (2022). Investigating purification and activity analysis of urease enzyme extracted from jack bean source: A green chemistry approach. Anal Biochem., 659, 114925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2022.114925.

Li, W., Fishman, A., Achal, V. (2022). Whole cell evaluation and the enzymatic kinetic study of urease from ureolytic bacteria affected by potentially toxic elements. Microbiol Res., 265, 127208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2022.127208.

Omoregie, A. I., Muda, K., Rahman, M. R. et al (2023). Impact of palm oil mill effluent as an economic medium for soil fixation via microbially induced carbonate precipitation. Biomass Convers Biorefin., 1, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03889-4.

Yahya, M. N., Gökçekuş, H., Orhon, D. et al. (2021). A study on the hydrolysis of urea contained in wastewater and continuous recovery of ammonia by an enzymatic membrane reactor. Processes, 9, 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9101703.

Alam, M., Bano, N., Upadhyay, T. K. et al (2022). Enzymatic activity and horizontal gene transfer of heavy metals and antibiotic resistant proteus vulgaris from hospital wastewater: An insight. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3399137.

Zhou, S. P., Zhou, H. Y., Xia, S. N., et al. (2021). Efficient bio-degradation of food waste through improving the microbial community compositions by newly isolated Bacillus strains. Bioresour Technol., 321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124451.

Ahmad, J., Khan, M. A., Ahmad, S. (2023). State of the art on factors affecting the performance of MICP treated fine aggregates. Mater Today Proc., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04.087.

Saba, B., Bharathidasan, A. K., Ezeji, T. C., Cornish, K. (2023). Characterization and potential valorization of industrial food processing wastes. Science of the Total Environment, 868, 161550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161550.

Li, R., Tao, J., Huang, D. et al. (2023). Investigating the effects of biodegradable microplastics and copper ions on probiotic (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens): Toxicity and application. J Hazard Mater., 443, 130081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130081

Kim, Hz., Son, H. M., Lee, H. K. (2022). Characterization of bio-adsorptive removal performance of strontium through ureolysis-mediated bio-mineralization. Chemosphere., 288, 132586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132586

Noman, E., Al-Gheethi, A., Saphira Radin Mohamed, R. M. et al. (2022). Sustainable approaches for nickel removal from wastewater using bacterial biomass and nanocomposite adsorbents: A review. Chemosphere, 291, 132862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132862.

Zhang, W., Zhang, H., Xu, R. et al. (2023). Heavy metal bioremediation using microbially induced carbonate precipitation: Key factors and enhancement strategies. Front Microbiol., 14, 1116970. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1116970.

Liu, X., Wu, M., Li, C. et al. (2022). Interaction structure and affinity of zwitterionic amino acids with important metal cations (Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+) in aqueous solution: A theoretical study. Molecules, 27, 2407. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082407.