Mussel Shell and Waterworks Sludge as Sorbent Materials for the Removal of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v7n2.248Keywords:
Waterworks sludge, Mussel shell, Bentonite clay, Copper, Sorbent,Abstract
Waterworks sludge generated from water treatment plants and mussel shells generated from the mussel cultivation industry contribute to the problem of solid waste in the environment. Reusing them as sorbent materials for the removal of heavy metals from water systems not only reduces the problem of solid waste management but also solves the problem of heavy metal pollution. In this study, the properties and capability of mussel shells (MS), waterworks sludge (AS), mussel shell-bentonite clay mixture (MSBC) and mussel shell-alum sludge mixture (MSAS) to remove copper from aqueous solutions were investigated. The bulk density, particle density, porosity and pH were determined to discern the physical properties of the sorbents. The addition of MS into BC and AS increased the sorption capability for Cu(II). The order of removal of copper ions by each sorbent was MSBC > MSAS > AS > BC which was established in 300-360 minutes. The maximum sorption capacities were in the range of 9.0-11.8 mg/g, with mixed sorbents exhibiting higher capacity. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo second-order kinetics correlated well with experimental data. In addition, the removal of Cu(II) were well described by the Langmuir isotherm.References
A.O. Babatunde, Y.Q. Zhao, A.M. Burke, M.A. Morris, J.P. Hanrahan, Environmental Pollution 157 (2009) 2830-2836.
DOE, Environmental Quality Act (Scheduled Waste) Regulation. Guidelines for the Application of Special Management of Scheduled Waste (2005), Department of Environment (DOE), Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia.
J.A. Ippolito, K. A. Barbarick, H.A. Elliott, J. Environ. Qual. 40 (2011) 1-12.
A.O. Babatunde, Y.Q. Zhao, Critical Reviews in Environ. Sci. Technol. 37(2) (2007) 129-164.
R.R.M. Zamora, C.O. Alfaro, N. Cabirol, A.F. Espejel, D.A. Moreno, J. Environ. Sci. 4(3) (2008) 223-228.
W. Chu, Water Research 33(13) (1999) 3019-3025.
A. Hovsepyan, J-C.J. Bonzongo, J. Hazard. Mater. 164(1) (2009) 73-80.
J.A. Ippolito, K.G. Scheckel, K.A. Barbarick, J. Colloid and Interface Sci. 338 (2009) 48-55.
Y.F. Zhou, R.J. Haynes, Water Air & Soil Pollution. 215(1-4) (2009) 631-643.
[M.H. Al-Qunaibit, W.K. Mekhemer, A.A. Zaghloul , J. Colloid and Interface Sci. 283 (2005) 316-321.
[DOF, Annual Fisheries Statistics (2009), Department of Fisheries Malaysia (DOF), Ministry of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
S. Rajagopal; V.P. Venugopalan; G.van der Velde, H.A. Jenner, Aquatic Ecology 40 (2006) 273-297.
K. Kadirvelu, C.N. Thamaraiselvi, Bioresource Technol. 76 (2001) 63-65.
W. Chouyyok, Y. Shin, J. Davidson, W.D. Samuels, N.H. Lafemina, R.D. Rutledge, G.E. Fryxell, Environ. Sci. Technol. 44(16) (2010) 6390-6395.
W.S. Wan Ngah, M.A.K.M. Hanafiah, Bioresource Technol. 99(10) (2008) 3935-3948.
M. Ahmaruzzaman, Advances in Colloid and Interface Sci. 166 (2011) 36-59.
G. R. Blake, K. H. Hartge, In: A.Klute (Ed.), Physical and Mineralogical Methods: Agronomy Monograph. 9 (1986) 363-375.
I. Langmuir, The Constitution and Fundamental Properties of Solids and Liquids, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 38 (11) (1916) 2221-2295.
H. M. F. Freundlich, Over the adsorption in solution, J. Phys. Chem. 57A (1906) 385-470.
S. Lagergren, About the Theory of So-called Adsorption of Soluble Substances, K. Sven. Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 24 (1898) 1-39.
Y. S. Ho, G. McKay, Pseudo-second-order model for Sorption processes, Process Biochem. 34 (1999) 451-465.
Y. Ren, X. Wei, M. Zhang, Adsorption and Removal of Cu(II) by Magnetic Cu(II) Ion Imprinted Composite Adsorbent, J. Hazard. Mater. 158 (2008) 14-22.
C.I. Lee, W.F. Yang, C.S.J Chiou, Utilization of Water clarifier Sludge for Copper Removal in a Liquid Fluidized-bed Reactor, J. Hazard. Mater. B129 (2006) 58–63.
Q. Du, Z. Sun, W. Forsling, H. Tang, Adsorption of Copper at Aqueous Illite Surfaces, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 187 (1997) 232-242.
G. Bereket, A.Z Aroguz, M.Z. Ozel, Removal of Pb (II), Cd (II), and Zn (II) from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on Bentonite. J. Colloid and Interface Sci. 187 (1997) 338-343.
U. Garg, M. P. Kaur, D. Sud, V.K. Garg, Removal of Cadmium(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on Agricultural Waste Biomass, J. Hazard. Mater. 154 (2008) 1149–1157.
S.C. Pan, C.C. Lin, D.H. Tseng, Reusing Sewage Sludge Ash as Adsorbent for Copper Removal from Wastewater, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 39 (2003) 79-90.
E.L. Cochrane, S. Lu, S.W. Gibb, I. Villaescusa, A comparison of Low-cost Biosorbents and Commercial Sorbents for the Removal of Copper from Aqueous Media, J. Hazard. Mater. B 137 (2006) 198-206.
X.H. Chen, T. Gosset, D.R. Thevenot, Batch Copper ion Binding and Exchange Properties of Peat, Water Res. 24 (1990) 1463-471.
J.P. Chen, M. Lin, Equilibrium and Kinetics of Metal ion Adsorption onto a Commercial H-type Granular Activated Carbon: Experimental and Modeling Studies, Water Res. 35 (2001) 2385-2394.
