Fabrication, Characterization and Degradation of Electrospun Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Infused with Selenium Nanoparticles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n3.2183Keywords:
Fabrication Nanofibers, Electrospinning, Poly(ε-Caprolactone), Selenium Nanoparticles, DegradationAbstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is widely used in the fabrication of nanofibers through electrospinning technique. PCL is a biodegradable material that is economical, simple and can be scaled up for industrial production. In this study, PCL was infused with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) via electrospinning to fabricate PCL-SeNPs nanofiber. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images of the samples revealed ‘aligned fibers’ was successfully fabricated with a diameter size of less than 350 nm and an average diameter of 185 nm. The presence of Se in the nanofiber was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Raman spectra. Based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, the structure of PCL did not change and remains in the PCL-SeNPs nanofibers. The functional groups of PCL, as indicated by infrared (IR) spectra remained the same after SeNPs infusion. These results demonstrated that the physical and chemical properties of PCL nanofibers were not affected by the infusion of SeNPs. In addition, the hydrophobicity of the PCL decreased slightly in the presence of SeNPs. The first month after degradation, disorganized and fibrous fibers of PCL-SeNPs nanofiber were observed followed by the formation of large fiber clumps as degradation time increased. An agglomerated SeNPs made PCL-SeNPs nanofiber pores looser and easier to be hydrolyzed after 4 months of degradation. The sticky surface of PCL-SeNPs nanofiber shows acceleration in the hydrolysis process after 24th weeks of degradation. The presence of SeNPs enhanced the degradation behavior as well as reducing the degradation time to break into pieces, starting after 6 months of degradation. The ‘aligned’ PCL-SeNPs nanofiber, which can mimic the natural tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) morphology, can potentially be used in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, wound dressing, biomedicine, sensor and filtration application.
References
Z. Ma, W. He, T Yong and S. Ramakrishna, “Grafting of gelatin on electrospun poly(caprolactone) nanofibers to improve endothelial cell spreading and proliferation and to control cell Orientation,” Tissue Engineering, vol. 11, no. 7-8, pp. 1149–1158, 2005.
H. S. Kim and H. S.Yoo, “MMPs-responsive release of DNA from electrospun nanofibrous matrix for local gene therapy: in vitro and in vivo evaluation,” J. Control Release, vol. 145, no. 3, pp. 264–271, 2010.
A. Cooper, R. Oldinski, H. Ma, J. D. Bryers and M. Zhang, ” Chitosan-based nanofibrous membranes for antibacterial filter applications, Carbohydr Polym, vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 254–259, 2013.
N. Bhardwaj and S. C. Kundu, “Electrospinning: a fascinating fiber fabrication technique,” Biotech. Adv., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 325–347, 2010.
M. Baniasadi, J. Huang, Z. Xu, S. Morena, X. Yang, J. Chang, M. A. Quevedo-Lopez, M. Naraghi and M. Minary-Jolandan, “High-performance coils and yarns of polymeric piezoelectric nanofibers,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 5358–5366, 2015.
S. Nasreen, S. Sundarrajan, S. Nizar, R. Balamuragan and S. Ramakrishna, “ Advancement in electrospun nanofibrous membranes modification and their application in water treatment,” Membranes, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 266–284, 2013.
D. H. Reneker and H. Fong, “Investigation of the formation of carbon and graphite nanofiber from mesophase pitch nanofiber precursor,” Polymeric Nanofiber. American Chemical Society Publishers, Washington, 2006.
J. Fang, H. Wang, H. Niu T. Lin and X. Wang, “Evolution of fiber morphology during Electrospinning,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., Vol.118, no. 5, pp. 2553-2561, 2010.
M. P. Prabhakaran, J. Venugopal, C. K. Chan and S. Ramakrishna, “Surface modified electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering,” Nanotechnol., vol. 19, no. 45, Article ID 455102, 2008.
V. Beachley and X. Wen, “Polymer nanofibrous structures: Fabrication, biofunctionalization, and cell interactions,” Prog. Polym. Sci., vol. 35, pp 868-892, 2010.
P. Zhao, H. Jiang, H. Pan, K. Zhu and W. Chen, “Biodegradable fibrous scaffolds composed of gelatin coated poly(epsilon-caprolactone) prepared by coaxial Electrospinning,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 372-382, 2007.
M. A. D. Boakye, N. P. Rijal, U. Adhikari and N. Bhattarai, “Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun PCL-MgO-Keratin-Based Composite Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications,” Mater., vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 4080-4090, 2015.
Z. X. Meng, W. Zheng W, L. Li and Y. F. Zheng, “Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional nanofiber membrance of PCL–MWCNTs by Electrospinning,” Mater. Sci. Eng. C, vol. 30, pp. 1014–1021, 2010.
R. H. Dong, Y. X. Jia, C. C. Qin , L. Zhan, X. Yan, L. Cui, Y. Zhou, X. Jiang and Y. Z. Long, “In situ deposition of a personalized nanofibrous dressing via a handy electrospinning device for skin wound care,” Nanoscale, vol. 8, 3482-3488, 2016.
R. Thomas, K. R. Soumya, J. Mathew and E. K. Radhakrishnan, “Electrospun Polycaprolactone Membrane Incorporated with Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles as Effective Wound Dressing Material,” Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., vol. 176, no. 8, pp. 2213-24, 2015.
R. Augustine, N. Kalarikkal and S. Thomas, “Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the in vitro degradation of electrospun polycaprolactone membranes in simulated body fluid”. Int. J. Polym. Mater., vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 28-37, 2015.
A. Suryavanshi, K. Khanna, K. R. Sindhu, J. Bellare and R. Srivastava, “Magnesium oxide nanoparticle-loaded polycaprolactone composite electrospun fiber scaffolds for bone-soft tissue engineering applications: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation,” Biomed Mater., vol. 12, no. 5, Article ID 055011, 2017.
D. Demir, D. Güreş, T. Tecim , R. Genç and N. Bölgen, “Magnetic nanoparticle-loaded electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibers for drug delivery applications,” Appl. Nanosci., vol. 8, no. 6, pp.1461-1469, 2018.
A. S. Perera, S. Zhang, S. Homer-Vanniasinkam, M. O.Coppens and M. Edirisinghe, “Polymer–Magnetic Composite Fibers for Remote-Controlled Drug Release,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, vol. 10, pp. 15524−15531, 2018.
H. A. Rather, R. Thakore, R. Singh, D. Jhala, S. Singh and R. Vasita, “Antioxidative study of Cerium Oxide nanoparticle functionalised PCL-Gelatin electrospun fibers for wound healing application” Bioactive Mater., vol. 3, pp. 201-211, 2018.
S. M. Jung, G. H. Yoon, H. C. Lee and H. S. Shin, “Chitosan nanoparticle/PCL nanofiber composite for wound dressing and drug delivery, ” Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed.,vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 252-263, 2015.
R. Kalbassi, S. A. Johari, M. Soltani and I. J. Yu, “Chitosan nanoparticle/PCL nanofiber composite for wound dressing and drug delivery. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed.,” Ecopersia, vol. 1, no. 3,pp. 273-290, 2013.
M. R. Kalbassi, H. Salari-joo and A. Johari, “Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems: salinity as the main cause of reducing toxicity,” Iranian Journal of Toxicological, vol. 5, pp. 436-443, 2011.
M. Shakibaie, H. Forootanfar, Y. Golkari T. Mohammadi-Khorsand and M. R. Shakibaie., “Anti-biofilm activity of biogenic selenium nanoparticles and selenium dioxide against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis,” J. Trace Elements Med. Biol., vol. 29, pp 235-241, 2015.
P.A. Tran, N. O. Simpson, E. C. Reynolds, N. Pantarat, D. P. Biswas and A. J. O'Connor, “Low cytotoxic trace element selenium nanoparticles and their differential antimicrobial properties against S. aureus and E. coli,” J. Nanotechnol., vol. 27, no. 4, Article ID 45101, 2016.
S. Chung, B. Ercan, A. K. RoyT. J. Webster, “Addition of Selenium Nanoparticles to Electrospun Silk Scaffold Improves the Mammalian Cell Activity While Reducing Bacterial Growth,” Front. in Physiol., Vol.7, pp. 1–6, 2016.
M. K. Ahmed, S. F. Mansour, R. Al-Wafi, S. I. El-dek and V. Uskokovic, “Tuning the mechanical, microstructural, and cell adhesion properties of electrospun epsilon-polycaprolactone microfibers by doping selenium-containing carbonated hydroxyapatite as a reinforcing agent with magnesium ions,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 54, pp. 14524–14544, 2019.
N. A. Kamaruzaman, A. R. M. Yusoff, N. A. Buang and N. G. N. Salleh, “Effects on diameter and morphology of polycaprolactone nanofibers infused with various concentrations of selenium nanoparticles,” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1901, no. 1, Article ID 020013, 2017.
M. R. C. Marques, R. Loebenberg and M. Almukainzi. Simulated Biological Fluids with Possible Application in Dissolution Testing. Dissolution Technologies, vol. 18, no 3, pp. 15-28, 2011.
K. H. Lee, H. Y. Kim, S. M. Khil, Y. M. Ra and D. R. Lee, “Characterization of nano-structured poly(ε-caprolactone) nonwoven mats via Electrospinning,” Polymer, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 187-1294, 2013.
C. K. Senthil Kumaran, “Investigations on selenium and copper nanoparticles for biological applications,” Chennai, India, 2014.
M. M. Coleman and J. Zarian, “Fourier-transform infrared studies of polymer blends. II. Poly(ε-caprolactone)–poly(vinyl chloride) system,” J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. Vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 837–850, 1979.
Y. He and Y. Inoue, “Novel FTIR method for determining the crystallinity of poly(epsilon-caprolactone),”Polym. Int., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 623–626, 2000.
J. E. Oliveira, L. H. C. Mattoso, W. J. Orts and E. S. Medeiros, “Structural and Morphological Characterization of Micro and Nanofibers Produced by Electrospinning and Solution Blow Spinning: A Comparative Study,” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 1, pp 1-13, 2013.
S. Malhotra, N. Jha and K. Desai, “A Superficial Synthesis of Selenium Nanospheres using Wet Chemical Approach,” International Journal Nanotechnology Applied, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 7–14, 2014.
K. Nagata, K. Ishibashi and Y. Miyamoto, “Raman and Infrared Spectro of Rhombohedral Selenium,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 20, no. 3, 463-469, 1981.
A. Husen and K. S. Siddiq, “Plants and microbes assisted selenium nanoparticles: characterization and application,” J. Nanobiotechnology, vol. 12, no. 28, pp. 463-469, 2014.
W. T. Su and Y. A. Shih, “Nanofiber containing carbon nanotubes enhanced PC12 cell proliferation and neuritogenesis by electrical stimulation” Biomed. Mater.Eng. vol. 26, pp. 189 – 195, 2015.
A. Wesełucha-Birczyńska, M. Świętek, E. Sołtysiak, P. Galiński, K. Piekara and M. Błażewicz, “Raman spectroscopy and the material study of nanocomposite membranes from poly(ε-caprolactone) with biocompatibility testing in osteoblast-like cells,” Analyst, vol. 140, pp. 2311–232, 2015.
