Catalytic pyrolysis of Asbuton into liquid fuel with Zeolite as catalyst
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v16n2.1548Abstract
Natural Buton Asphalt (Asbuton) is a naturally occurring asphalt that is contained in rock deposit located in Buton Island, Indonesia. Asbuton is mostly used as a mixture of bitumen since it has the potential to be cracked into hydrocarbon and produced as a liquid fuel for energy consumption. The present study aims to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature and the mass ratio of the Asbuton with catalyst on the Asbuton conversion. The pyrolysis process is carried out on a batch using vacuum reactor with various temperatures and mass ratios of catalyst to Asbuton. The gas coming out of the process is passed through the condenser, where the condensed gas (liquid product) is collected in the flask, whereas the uncondensed gas (gas product) is collected in a gas holder and the yield is analyzed upon the pyrolysis process completion. The respond parameter of the catalytic pyrolysis are oil flammability, yield, and oil density. The synthesized ZSM-5 catalyst is more effective for the Asbuton bitumen cracking process as opposed to the Natural Zeolite. Furthermore, it is investigated that the most optimum operating condition throughout this experiment was 70.07% and obtained at 350 °C with 9% ZSM-5 catalyst. In terms of product characterization, the liquid product can be ignited during the flame test. From the S.G. and API gravity values, it is suggested that the products belong to crude oil range, and thus, confirming that Asbuton has great potentials to be developed into alternative fuel.
References
Abdullah, N., Sulaiman, F., Safana, A. A. 2017. Pyrolysis of torrefied oil palm wastes for better biochar. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences. 13, 124-128.
Chemstations. 2004. Physical Properties User’s Guide. Chemstations, Inc., Texas , USA.
Department of Public Works of Directorate General of Highways. 2006. Utilization of Asbuton Book 1 General construction guidance and building. Indonesia. No.001-01 / BM / 2006.
He, P., Luan, Y., Zhao, L., Cheng, W., Wu, C., Chen S., Song, H. 2017. Catalytic bitumen partial upgrading over Ag-Ga/ZSM-5 under methane environment. Fuel Processing Technology. 156, 290-297.
Junaid, A. S. M., Yin, H., Koenig, A., Swenson, P., Chowdhury, J., Burland, G., McCaffrey, W.C., Kuznicki, S. M. 2009. Natural Zeolite catalyzed cracking-assisted light hydrocarbon extraction of bitumen from Athabasca oilsands. Applied Catalysis A: General. 354, 44–49.
Jia, C., Wang, Z., Liu, H., Bai, J., Chi, M., Wang, Q. 2015. Pyrolysis behavior of Indonesia oil sand by TG- FTIR and in a fixed bed reactor. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 114, 250– 255.
Lababidi, H. M. S., Sabti, H. M., Alhumaidan, F. S. 2014. Changes in asphaltenes during thermal cracking of residual oils. Fuel. 117, 59–67
Lee, S. H., Heo, H. S., Jeong, K. E., Yim, J. H., Jeon, J.K., Jung, K. Y., Ko, Y. S. 2011. Catalytic pyrolysis of oil sand bitumen over nano porous catalyst. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 11, 759-762.
Liu, P., Zhu, M., Zhang, Z., Wan, W., Yani, S., Zhang, D. 2014. Thermogravimetric studies of characteristics and kinetics of pyrolysis of buton oil sand. Energy Procedia. 61, 2741– 2744.
Ma, Y., Li, S. 2012. The pyrolysis, extraction and kinetics of Buton oil sand bitumen. Fuel Process Technology. 100, 11–15.
Marco, I. D., Miranda, S., Riemma, S., Iannone, R. 2016. Biodiesel production from sunflower: An environmental study. Chemical Engineering Transaction. 49, 331-336.
Mohamad Aziz, N. S., Shariff, A., Abdullah, N., Muhammad Noor, N. 2018. Characteristics of coconut frond as a potential feedstock for biochar via slow pyrolysis. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences. 14, 408-413.
Mohammadparast, F., Halladj, R., Askari, S. 2015. The crystal size effect of nano-sized zsm-5 in the catalytic performance of petrochemical processes: A Review. Chemical Engineering Communications Taylor & Francis Group. 202, 542–556.
Shin, S., Im, S. K., Kwon, E. H., Na, J. G., Nho, N. S., Lee, K. B. 2017. Kinetic study on the nonisothermal pyrolysis of oil sand bitumen and its maltene and asphaltene fractions. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 124, 658–665.
Speight, J. G. 2002. Handbook of petroleum product analysis. In: Wiley-Interscience. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, Published simultaneously in Canada.
Stepachevaa, A. A., Matveevaa, V. G., Sulmana, E. M., Sapunov, V. N. 2016. Fatty acid hydrotreatment using hypercrosslinked polystyrene-supported pd catalysts to produce biofuels. Chemical Engineering Transaction. 52, 625-630.
Tan, B. S., Hashim, H., Muis, Z.A., Yunus, N. A., Ho, W. S. 2018. Potential of energy recovery from an integrated palm oil mill with biogas power plant. Chemical Engineering Transaction. 63, 253-258.
Vamvuka. 2011. Bio-oil, solid and gaseous biofuels from biomass pyrolysis process – An overview. International Journal of Energy Research. 35, 835-862.
Xiaolong, M., Ridner, D., Zisheng, Z., Xingang, L., Hong, L., Hong, S., Xin, G. 2017. Study on vacuum pyrolysis of oil sands by comparison with retorting and nitrogen sweeping pyrolysis. Fuel Processing Technology. 163, 51–59.
Huang, Y., Anderson, M., McIlveen-Wright, D., Lyons, G. A., McRoberts, W. C., Wang, Y. D., Hewitt, N. J. 2015. Biochar and renewable energy generation from poultry litter waste: A technical and economic analysis based on computational simulations. Applied Energy. 160, 656–663.
Yang, Z., Kumar, A., Apblett, A. 2016. Integration of biomass catalytic pyrolysis and methane aromatization over Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 120, 484–492.
