Flabelliferin removal by sodium salts and sodium hydroxide: Pretreatment in Borassus flabellifer mesocarp

Authors

  • Rodiah Mohd Hassan Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Jamilah Bakar Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Russly Abdul Rahman Universiti Putra Malaysia
  • Syarifah Kharidah Syed Muhamad Universiti Putra Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v15n2-1.1544

Keywords:

Bitterness, Borassus flabellifer, flabelliferin, mesocarp and steroidal saponin

Abstract

The mesocarp of Borassus flabellifer has been proven to be a good potential as a food ingredient; however, the presence of bitterness in it is a deterrent to its acceptable application. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate at 1% to 3% concentrations in reducing the bitter component, flabelliferin, in the mesocarp of B. flabellifer and how the pretreatment could affect the reduction of flabelliferin and phenolics contents. Eleven compounds were identified in the mesocarp by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS), which consisted of seven types of phenolics, two types of antocyanidins, and two types of steroidal saponins. The highest reduction at 46.2% of flabelliferin was obtained by 3% sodium hydroxide treatment. However, the removal of the bitter component was also concurrently resulted in a decrease of the total phenolic contents (0.16 mg GAE/g) of the sample. Mild treatment such as enzymatic treatment should be employed as the alternative method to preserve the antioxidant content in the mesocarp of B. flabellifer in order to promote its application in the food industry as a potential food ingredient.

Author Biographies

Rodiah Mohd Hassan, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Faculty of Food Science and Technology

Jamilah Bakar, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Faculty of Food Science and Technology

Russly Abdul Rahman, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Faculty of Food Science and Technology

Syarifah Kharidah Syed Muhamad, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Faculty of Food Science and Technology

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Published

15-05-2019

Issue

Section

Special Issue on International Conference on Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Food Technology 2018 (Applied Sciences)